NCLEX-PN

These are signs of pregnancy. Presumptive Which are classified as probable signs of pregnancy? Uterine enlargement Hegiras sign, positive pregnancy test A patient can be told that she is definitely pregnant when she has: Fetal heart sounds A woman calls the clinic to report that she had a positive home pregnancy test and asks hobby relax these are. The nurse's most appropriate response Is: Accuracy Is very high if the test instructions are followed exactly The laboratory test used to confirm pregnancy measures: HAG The mother's first recognition of fetal movements is referred to as: QuickeningWhich change Is related to Increased progesterone levels? Deepening of the voice Which of the following is the cause of Loris's in pregnancy? As the uterus enlarges the center of gravity shifts, causing the women to lean back Which finding In a pregnant patient would require further assessment by the nurse? Blood pressure of 150/92 A patient in her third trimester of pregnancy complains of dizzi ness and faintness when she lies on her back. Which statement by the nurse is most appropriate? To improve the symptoms, lie on your left side have been very careful to take iron tablets and to eat a balanced diet.The nurse's most appropriate response is: During pregnancy, the fluid portion of your blood increases, which dilutes your red blood cells Changes in the gastrointestinal system during pregnancy include: Increased saliva production One cause of frequent urination during pregnancy is: pressure of the gravid uterus on the bladder Melancholy-stimulating hormone (MS) is responsible for which of the following signs of pregnancy? Lineal Niagara A woman in her second trimester of pregnancy smiles and pats her abdomen when she feels the baby move.She expresses a wish for a beautiful little girl and often alas about the baby in positive terms. These behaviors illustrate which developmental task of pregnancy? Fetal Distinction A woman who is 36 weeks pregnant tells the clinic nurse t hat she is considering taking ibuprofen for her back pain and muscle cramps. The nurse's best response is: Taking that medication could cause your baby to experience distress BC of premature changes in its cardiovascular system Which hormone stimulates uterine contractions and the milk ejection reflex in breastfeeding?Extinction A patient tells the nurse that she is worried because her partner does not seem interested in the pregnancy. Which response by the nurse would be the most appropriate? Your partner will go through stages of adjustment to fatherhood The nurse is interviewing a woman in the clinic who thinks she might be pregnant. Which are presumptive signs of pregnancy? Amenorrhea Fatigue Breast tenderness A pregnant woman has three living children, one single and one twin birth, one preterm birth, and no abortions.According to CATALPA, the nurse would record her pregnancy history as . 421031 A nurse is discussing preconception care with a group of women. She tells them that en purpose of preconception care is to: encourage healthy lifestyles The nurse is interviewing a woman during her first prenatal clinic visit. When the Blood samples will not be taken to test for conditions that could affect your pregnancy On her fourth prenatal visit, a patient asks why urine tests are done on every visit.The most appropriate response is: We are testing for diabetes, which sometimes develops during pregnancy The purpose of Loophole's maneuvers is to determine: The presentation and position of the fetus One purpose of ultrasound imaging during pregnancy is to: Rule out fetal abnormalities Compared with amniocentesis, chronic villous sampling: Can be done earlier in A diagnostic test of the amniotic fluid to determine whether the fetus is likely to develop respiratory distress is: Lecithin/spellbinding ratio (LIST ratio) An elevated alpha-footprint (APP) level is consistent with: Neural tube defects The biophysical profile (BP) uses five observations, including: Gro ss body movements During a nonstarters test (NEST), a monitor records fetal heart rate when the mother senses fetal movement.This test is used to assess: Fetal oxygenation and autonomic function Which statement correctly describes the contraction stress test (COST)? Uterine contractions must be induced. To prepare a woman for a contraction stress test using nipple stimulation, an appropriate instruction would be to: Brush your palm across the nipple of one breast for 2 to 3 minutes. A common discomfort in the first trimester of pregnancy is: Lakehurst On her second prenatal visit, a woman states that she feels like she needs to urinate â€Å"all the time, even during the night. † She says she has reduced her fluid intake to control this problem. The nurse should tell her to: â€Å"Drink more fluids during the day ND less in the evening. A teaching plan for self-care during pregnancy should include that: Hot tubs should be avoided because increased body temperature decreases placental blood To minimize heartburn, the pregnant patient should: Sit up for 30 minutes after eating. A woman in her third trimester is troubled by frequent leg cramps. Which measure would the nurse suggest to relieve the cramps? Stand with the feet flat on the floor when cramps occur. Self-care instruction for a pregnant woman to lessen backache should include: Wearing low-heeled shoes Wearing low-heeled shoes For a healthy pregnancy outcome, the recommended eight gain during pregnancy is: 1. 4 to 1. 8 keg(3 to 4 lbs) each month in the first trimester, then 0. keg(l lb) per week for a total of 11 to 16 keg(25 to 35 lbs) Fetal weight increases most during the: Third trimester To prevent supine hypertensive syndrome and to promote fetal perfusion during pregnancy, the teaching plan should include: Lying on the left side Self-care instruction for a pregnant woman often includes the pelvic rocking exercise, which helps: Relieve lower back pain Self-care instructions for a pregnant wo man should include: Not wearing knee-high stockings Which factor is likely to contribute to the formation of varicose veins during pregnancy? Constipation In a prenatal class, one woman tells the nurse that she is a vegetarian and asks whether this poses a problem in relation to her pregnancy.The nurse's most appropriate response is: minor care provider may order supplemental vitamins and calcium. † The nurse explains to a pregnant woman who does not like milk that other foods are good sources of calcium, such as: Green, leafy vegetables and tofu Pregnant women need increased vitamin A for fetal cell development, bone growth, ND tooth formation. One food that is high in vitamin A is: Carrots A pregnant woman should be instructed that good sources of iron are: broccoli and liver substituted for nutritious foods. Which statement by the nurse reflects the current philosophy of childbirth education? â€Å"l will tell you about your options for pain management so you can make a ch oice. Relaxation exercises, focusing, imagery, and flagrance are taught in childbirth education because they:: Are helpful in pain management during labor. The basic breathing patterns recommended during the first stage of labor include reheating. Modified-paced An exercise that strengthens perinea muscle tone and elasticity is the: Keel exercise Which sign should a pregnant woman report to her health care provider immediately? Angina Pain Which individual is at greatest risk for a high-risk pregnancy? A 15-year-old who is a vegetarian The assumption that all people of a particular culture think and behave in the same way is known as: Cultural stereotyping The pregnant woman asks why she should not receive a rubella virus immunization until after delivery.Which response would be the most appropriate? â€Å"Live virus canines have a high risk of iatrogenic effects. † A nurse is explaining nonstarters testing to expectant parents. Which statement indicates that further teaching is necessary? â€Å"A reactive nonstarters test means that further assessment will be required. † At a prenatal visit, the patient discusses her vegetarian diet with the nurse and states that she does not feel her diet includes enough protein. Which food(s) should the nurse suggest she add to her diet? Peanut butter Cottage cheese Eggs Amniocentesis is one diagnostic tool used to assess fetal health and well-being, and it is used for what reason(s)?Assessment of a genetic disorder Determining alpha-footprint levels Assessment of fetal lung maturity Chapter 13 One of the frequent causes of bleeding during the first trimester of pregnancy is: Spontaneous abortion Causes of spontaneous abortion can include: Acute maternal infection A woman in her first trimester of pregnancy comes to the emergency department with moderate vaginal bleeding. She reports having had cramps earlier but has none now. This description is typical of a(n) abortion. Threatened Which statement is true of octopi pregnancy? The fertilized ovum is implanted outside of the uterus. After surgery for a hydrofoil mole, the woman should be advised that: She must have periodic blood studies and ultrasounds to monitor for coordination.A woman in the third trimester of pregnancy presents to the emergency department with complaints of bright red vaginal bleeding. The nurse immediately suspects: Placenta Preview The nurse recognizes that digital vaginal examinations are contraindicated in pregnant women who are bleeding because: The examination may cause severe hemorrhage Which pregnant woman would the nurse suspect of having placenta preview? A Arvada 3, Para 2 in her twenty-eighth week of gestation who reports painless vaginal bleeding and whose blood pressure is 116/78 mm Hag Which scenario suggests abrupt placental? Tender, rigid uterus in the last trimester What complication should be suspected in the patient who has experienced abrupt placental, hydrofoil mole, or a retained dead fetus?Dis seminated intramuscular coagulation A woman with Re-negative blood is administered Aerogram following an abortion to prevent: Summarization in the mother The most typical signs and symptoms of gestational hypertension include: Proteins and hypertension The teaching plan for a woman with mild gestational hypertension who is being managed at home should include: Resting frequently and lying on the left side Before administering magnesium sulfate to a woman with severe gestational withhold the drug? Urinary output 20 murmur The pregnant patient is given magnesium sulfate. The drug has been effective if: Seizure activity is absent. What is the difference between proclaims and clamps?The central nervous system is involved with clamps but not with proclaims. Which factor places the pregnant woman at risk for thermoelectric disease? Even VA compression A pregnant woman who has been hospitalized for deep vein thrombosis (DTV) suddenly complains of difficulty breathing and chest pain. Her he art rate is 120 beats/minute. The nurse should suspect what complication? Pulmonary embolism The nurse recognizes that the primary effect of pregnancy on a woman with a preexisting heart disease is: The workload of the heart is greatly increased. When a woman with heart disease becomes pregnant, what precautions will the nurse advise her to take? â€Å"Immediately report dyspepsia, fatigue, or edema. The nurse is counseling a prenatal patient on nutrition. He notes that her health care provider has ordered 300 MGM of ferrous sulfate each day. What patient teaching is indicated? Inform stools will be dark and sticky when you are taking iron. † Hyperemia gravitated is: Persistent, severe vomiting during pregnancy The effect of pregnancy on glucose metabolism is to: Antagonize insulin, which causes serum glucose to rise. During the first trimester of pregnancy, the patient with presentational diabetes usually requires: Less insulin than before her pregnancy A pregnant woman has been diagnosed with gestational diabetes. She asks the nurse whether that means she will have to take insulin.The nurse's best response is: â€Å"Some women need insulin, but you may be able to control your diabetes with diet. † A maternal complication that can result from diabetes mellitus is: Hydrations A woman asks the nurse why she should take precautions against getting rubella if she thinks she might be pregnant. The nurse explains that the occurrence of maternal rubella during the first 4 weeks of pregnancy could lead to which fetal malformations? Cataracts, cardiac defects, and deafness of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, and cocaine can cause fetal growth retardation. During an assessment of an infant born to an intravenous drug abuser, the nurse should recognize which sign(s) and/or symptom(s) as indicative of drug withdrawal?Tremor and hyperactive reflexes What information will the nurse give to a pregnant woman with heart disease regarding her second stage of labor? S he will not be able to have any anesthesia. A woman with heart disease has delivered and is now in the postpartum unit. When caring for this woman, the nurse recognizes that: Major circulatory readjustment in the postpartum period may cause heart failure even 4 or 5 days postpartum The nurse has been teaching a pregnant woman at 32 weeks' gestation about signs and symptoms of gestational hypertension and potential warning signs of possible complications. The nurse recognizes the need for further teaching when the woman â€Å"If I have a headache, I will take some acetaminophen. States: A woman with severe gestational hypertension is receiving a continuous intravenous infusion of magnesium sulfate. Which assessment finding would indicate the need for further intervention? Absent deep tendon reflexes A nurse is caring for a woman who has been hypertensive since her thirty-fourth eek of gestation. Assessment findings include urine protein +3, platelet count 95,000 mm, and elevated EAS T and ALT levels. The nurse should suspect the development of which of the following? HELP syndrome A newly delivered woman who was treated for proclaims during labor says to the nurse, â€Å"Why are you still checking my blood pressure, reflexes, respirations, and urine so often?I thought delivery of my baby would take care of the problem. † The most appropriate response would be: Mimi are still at risk for seizures for the first forty- eight hours after birth. † The patient asks why she has been having urinary tract infections (It's) more frequently since becoming pregnant. The nurse explains that which of the following factor(s) predispose(s) the pregnant patient to It's? Compression of the Reuters Decreased urine flow to the bladder Relaxation of the bladder muscle Gloriously favoring bacterial growth birth because of abrupt placental. The nurse recognizes that she must be alert for which sign(s) and/or symptom(s)?Bleeding gums Bleeding from injection sites Apostasi es Dry skin The nurse recognizes that parents who suffer a perennial loss will often exhibit which f the following behaviors? Denial Anger Acceptance Euphoria Chapter 20 The pain associated with endometriosis is caused by: Monthly bleeding of extraction endometrial tissue Which statement is true of toxic shock syndrome? Rash fever and flu-like symptoms are typical Women who experience premenstrual syndrome (MS), also known as ovarian cycle syndrome, should be advised that: Strategies that help manage stress may reduce symptoms. The physical changes of menopause are the result of: Lowered estrogen level A class for older women focuses on prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. One Oman asks how to tell if she is at risk for osteoporosis.

Confucianism in Korea Essay

Korea is located on the eastern tip of the Asian continent, in the small peninsula that faces the Pacific Ocean. This small country has lasted over four thousand years, withstanding its powerful neighbors and developed a unique culture of its own. One of its main unique features comes from the fact that it pursued Confucianism as its core ideology. Therefore, even though Confucianism started in China, the application of it can be traced also distinctly in Korea. The Dynasty of Joseon brought the principals of Confucianism, and indigenized it to fit its existing values. However, today Confucianism is not taught anymore, and the values of Confucianism are considered old and out of style. It has become of an old ideology that does not fit in with the values that the modern Koreans have today. Moreover, the development of Confucianism was the major constraint that limited Korea to grow and prosper in the Early Modern and Modern period. and gender equality. The ancient Chinese Warring States Era was one of the most chaotic periods in the history of China. It was the time when people of all classes were desperate for stability and peace. Because of this instability, they established something called the Hundred Schools, which were philosophers who came up with many ideas to unite the people from the time of confusion to a desirable human lifestyle and peaceful, stable state. These Sages, who were given â€Å"Zi† at the end of their names, went around the kingdoms, explaining to the ruler what they thought the best solution was for uniting China. The most prominent ideas were usually any of the three sects, Daoist, Confucianist or Legalist. Daoism was based on the ideas of Laozi and Zhuangzi, Confucianism on those of Confucius (Kongzi) and Mencius (Mengzi), and Legalism on those of Han Feizi. Confucianism was not adopted in Confucius’ life time. It developed later, during the Song Dynasty and was further advanced to Neo-Confucianism by Zhu Xi. Unlike the Chinese dynasties that fully committed their state ideology to Confucianism, the Koreans in the corresponding period, from 60BCE to 900CE, used Confucianism as part of their source of moral training and their social mandate for their officials. This period was called the Three Kingdom Period (GoGooRyeo, Shilla, and BaekJae). The educational form of Confucianism for princes and ruling class continued through the Goryeo Dynasty (900 CE-1300CE) for about four hundred years and finally became the national religion of Joseon Dynasty (1392CE-1910CE). The reason why Joseon chose Confucianism instead of Buddhism was that the elites that founded Joseon thought that Buddhism was the reason for the corruption and lack of morals between the nobles and the ruling class. The Joseon leaders sought Confucianism as a solution to their problems, and were attracted to Confucianism-oriented concepts that could complement the politics of the ideal state. The situation much resembled the period in 5th century BCE when Confucius and Mencius came up with their idea of ideal and peaceful world under the tyrant king and constant wars.

Selective pick of a topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Selective pick of a topic - Essay Example er reality you are facing for a little time, and then course book reading obviously enable you to pass the course and help you get entered into the new standard. The writer of the readable material you consider has a very significant role in the choosing of your reading material as well. I remember when I was 14; I was anxiously waiting for a novel to get published by my favorite writer Naseem Hijazi. But when it came in my market my friend told me that the novel was not that much good at the expectations we had and the market response was very nil towards it. I decided not to read it but to buy another writer’s book. But sooner I got into the shop I bought my favorite writer’s novel and read the whole 623 pages just because that was written by my favorite writer. The novel’s name was â€Å"Aakhri Chitan† and was written on the history of Muslims rulers when they conquered sub-continent and is about the era of Changez khan and Tataris. Reading pushes you in the world of fantasy and enables you to imagine the objects you read. Imagination is a very good facet that leads you to motivation and courage to do any diffi cult task you come across in your

Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Special Court for Sierra Leone Essay

Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Special Court for Sierra Leone - Essay Example After the end of the conflict, the citizens of Sierra Leone wanted the individual responsible for the conflict and the atrocities that followed to be held accountable for their actions and face justice. Nevertheless, the country at the time did not have an established judicial system and the necessary infrastructure to bring these perpetrators into book (Nzongola-Ntalaja 2000). Furthermore, the existence of Lome Peace Agreement of 1999 was a big hindrance to the courts in the country to indict the alleged perpetrators as they were given a blanket amnesty by the aforementioned agreement. For this reason, there was an urgent need to form a court that would be capable of addressing the situation in the country, thus, the formation of The Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL). The United Nations Security Council and the government of Sierra Leone agreed to form The Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) which was established in the year 2002 on a request from Ahmad Tejan Kabbah, the then president of Sierra Leone. Unlike the courts established by the United Nations Security Council to deal with the perpetrators of the conflict in the former Yugoslavia and the Rwandan genocide, the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) was able to dispense a diverse judicial model hence characterized as a hybrid tribunal so to speak. The main aim of the special court for Sierra Leone was to deal with the post conflict justice expeditiously, and in a more economical way unlike the local courts and tribunals in the country which were slow and more expensive, not to mention their inability to respond to the plight of the citizens in the country (Murphy 2003). This court was characterized by new ways of handling judicial processes in the post conflict situations. Such characteristics include the pressure to accomplish its mandate expeditiously, use of a very tight budget, and its location. Discussion The composition of the court includes both international and local judges, counsel, and employees. This composition allows the court to administer justice without undue influence from the domestic or international pressure. The mandate of the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) is to try the persons suspected of having the greatest responsibility in perpetrating the violence that ensued in Sierra Leone during the 11 years conflict. It is worth noting that this special court is independent in its operation from the domestic legal system of Sierra Leone and as such, the court uses limited statutory guidelines from the country’s criminal law and heavily depend on international humanitarian law in its proceedings (Stover 2005). The Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) statute empowers the court to prosecute violations of Article 3 under the Geneva Convention, international humanitarian law violations, and crimes against humanity. One of the major strengths witnessed in the operation of the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) is the responsiveness of the court i n the witness protection and management, since most of them are victims of the atrocities that ensued in Sierra Leone. The court has continued to ensure that the witness feel protected and safe during and after their testimony. This has been done by involving a variety of security resources as well as new psychosocial support program. The

Maritime Logistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Maritime Logistics - Essay Example Maritime logistics industry itself is going through a very subtle but important change which will make it critical for the leading industry players to prepare them strategically in such a manner that can allow them to develop sustainable and progressive businesses in largely volatile business environment. Our target company which emerged from being a small player to one of the key international player only because of the management of the most important key drivers in such a manner that it allowed to develop its strengths and potential to dominate the market. The fact that company has been able to withstand the pressures of the current financial crisis itself is one of the ample proofs of how a successful company can actually sustain the external pressures and develop its internal strengths to achieve the success. Some of the issues that have been discussed in part 1 of this report focused on the understanding of the basic characteristics of the industry as well as to study and understand as to how the company has been working over the period of time and what are some of the risk factors that can contribute towards increasing the overall risk of the investment opportunity. As such there is a need to have a broader understanding of the factors identified in part 1 of this report so that a comprehensive and to the point understanding of the critical success factors can be developed for making better and more informed decisions. Our target company is also one of the firms which has been able to successfully withstand the economic pressures because of the fact that it has strategically developed itself to a point where it is relatively more stable and resilient against the changes in economic conditions. The target firm therefore is one of such firms which will contribute positively towards value creation if all the risk factors and critical issues are factored in accordingly. Some of the issues that have been discussed in

Case study furniture bank Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Case study furniture bank - Term Paper Example Though the company is going to incur expenses which have to be given from the cash in hand or go for bank loans. But furniture bank being a charitable organization will also get some rebate in the interest levied on the loan. Once the furniture banking starts building up on the cash, they will also be in a position to spread an awareness regarding their cause for which they are working in the country. Moreover, a further cash of $127000 can be earned from which the expenses of the truck drivers can be borne. Thus, the truck which gets utilized for five days for 90 hours can give more output. Capital Campaign The problem faced by the charitable institution like furniture banking may be that of many other organizations which non profit making institutions are. Being a charitable institution the land acquired by furniture bank was given for free; which is now being taken away forcefully with the intention of building houses at affordable rates. The institution also wants to move to a pl ace which is easily accessible to their entire volunteers who live in Greater Toronto Area. But getting a property there even at a subsidised rate accounts to $1.5million to 3.5million which is almost beyond the limit of furniture bank. Though the institution is having a favourable cash balance yet the rate proposed is beyond their limits because if they go for a property at exorbitant price then the cash required for rendering services will get reduced hampering the cause which is their main motive behind starting of the organization. So in order to get rid of the relocation problem some steps need to be taken like the create more volunteers for the organization, improving fund raising skills and confidence and train the existing staff for making a strong team towards the achievement of the goals. But until a suitable place to set up the institution is found it would not be advisable to shift from the present location under any circumstances (Kihlstedt, 2010, p. 2). Information Tec hnology The information technology is an essential element to run any business effectively, be it profit making or non profit making organization. To track the caller of the furniture bank a proper information system should be built up so that the company can expand more. The cause of the company though a good one is not yet marketed properly so the number of volunteers is a mere 30 members. For a non profit making organization to grow it is very important to spread the cause near and far. This will require more volunteers than presently existing, so marketing through the information technology will not only spread the cause of furniture bank but also do the needful at an affordable cost. Even the records of the institution related to its policies and procedures will be well maintained unlike now. Answering calls will be much prompt than that of now. Customer relationship will also get enhanced. Though the initial cost will come to around $90000 approximately with a monthly payment of $1500 for system maintenance and direct technical support, yet it is advisable to bear with the

Concepts of Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Concepts of Leadership - Essay Example Their length of time in existence attests to the exemplary leadership practices manifested by the organization’s management team; in conjunction with their ability to capitalize on their strengths and make effective use of the opportunities that abound within the external global environment they operate in. In this regard, the current discourse aims to achieve the following objectives: (1) to apply one of the leadership theories from the course text to the organization by explaining how the theory works and through the inclusion of pertinent examples; (2) to explain the effect of power and influence that leaders have on followers in the organization; specifically addressing and explaining the responses to the following questions to wit: (a) are the followers receptive? (b) would you recommend another strategy?; (3) to evaluate the role and effectiveness of transformational and transactional leadership in the organization; (4) to assess the traits and characteristics of an effe ctive team leader within the organization; (5) to explain how the leadership supports vision, mission, and strategy in the organization; and (6) to explain the response to a hypothetical scenario where: if one would be seen as a leader in the organization, what would be changed and why? Application of a Leadership Theory One leadership theory that is apparently applied in Johnson & Johnson is the competing values frameworks (CVF) model which reportedly â€Å"brings together the organization, its changing environment, and leaders’ competing roles, and also enables a descriptive and prescriptive examination of leaders’ roles and activities with regard to their effectiveness† (Weiss: Contemporary Leadership Effectiveness, 2011, par. 1). This value is best applied by the management team and leaders of Johnson & Johnson through their explicitly designed guiding philosophy, termed â€Å"Our Credo† (Our Credo). As one reviews this guiding principle, it could be deduced that the organization, through the management team and leaders, have pledged responsibilities and commitments to the following, in this order: â€Å"to the doctors, nurses and patients, to mothers and fathers and all others who use our products and services† (Our Credo, n.d., par. 1); â€Å"to our employees, the men and women who work with us throughout the world† (Our Credo, n.d., par. 2). â€Å"to the communities in which we live and work and to the world community as well† (Our Credo, n.d., par. 3); and finally, â€Å"to our stockholders† (Our Credo, n.d., par. 4). By identifying the stakeholders who they pledge responsibility, accountability, and commitment to, the organization has

COMZ Group Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

COMZ Group - Assignment Example He further emphasizes on relationship building skills among his employees by holding a ten-minute conversation with each staff member to give them an insight on the importance of listening effectively to customers. Listening skills among staff are viewed as a necessity towards dealing with clients and understanding their needs for better service provision. More so, listening skills go a long way in establishing good relationships with clients, which is in itself more important than making profits. Pedersen refers to profitability as a by-product of doing a good job rather than chasing on making profits and not having an impact on the needs of clients. Staff, suppliers, and the community are equally important to the organization, and thus, the business responsibility of Comz Group is that which is solution-oriented to widespread needs. Comz Group organization’s culture is focused towards such tendencies of business solutions through creativity, positive relationships, and mento ring employees towards self-actualization in their contribution to the organization. It seeks to not only empower employees through mentoring, teamwork, and positive relationships, but also to empower the society through its corporate social responsibility. QUESTION 2 2a] Comz Group places its corporate social responsibility as a primary concern of its operations and overlooks shareholders concern of profits as a by-product to satisfaction of its clients. Comz Group has a popular attitude towards the environment that has been clearly indicated by its use of recycle-oriented waste management companies in their outdoor events. The company’s environmental policies are also subjected to continuous improvement by staff assigned such responsibility, and thus promoting its contribution to the local community and environment at large. This has had a huge effect on the Company’s societal image and successes of outstanding creativity and teamwork of their staff, which has been i ndicated by the creative communications award it received. Through this, the company has received recognition and excellence reports for its business responsibility and primary concern contributing to the society. More so, an environmental factor such as recycling goes a long way in promoting Comz Group popular attitude towards the environment using waste management companies in its outdoor events. 2b] According to Pedersen, the organization’s role in the community is more important than other aspects such as profitability, thus rendering its participation in the community as a necessity towards building a popular attitude towards the environment. The company has raised substantial amounts of funds to assist in Voluntary Services Overseas and other community enhancement activities such as the MacMillan Cancer Trust, Youth unemployment, and Springboard. The company has been able to enhance its popular attitude towards the environment through its participation in community proj ects. The company’s goals of establishing positive relations and empowering the unemployed youths preclude success to the Comz Group in general. Local community projects involvement would help in enhancing corporate image and brand name. A good reputable image and brand name would help the organization in not only drawing more clients, but also increasing its goodwill and corporate value, and thus stock prices. QUESTION 3 3a] Comz Group’

Doctrine of Judicial Binding Precedent Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Doctrine of Judicial Binding Precedent - Essay Example In London Tramcars Co Ltd v London County Council2, Lord Halisbury ruled that when the House made a ruling on a 'point of law', it becomes 'conclusive upon the House afterwards, and it is impossible to raise that question again as if it was res integra and could be re-argued'. In short, the House of Lords cannot later undermine their own rulings on points of law. The issue can be debated again, but not res integra. In practice, this means that anyone coming before the House of Lords can argue prior precedent, and if that precedent applies, the House of Lords is powerless not to rule in their favor on that issue. â€Å"This coercive character of the doctrine of precedent is a feature peculiar to the English legal tradition†3. Even in the United States legal system, precedent is not absolutely binding, in two ways. 1. It is possible in the United States tradition to overturn precedent. Dred Scott, Plessy v. Ferguson...famous cases that changed the course of American law and juri sprudence involved overturning prior cases. 2. There is more leeway for precedent to be ruled non-binding or to be reinterpreted more carefully Judges in the British tradition are supposed to interpret law, not make law, even more so than in the United States system. The House of Lords only has the leeway to interpret law when there is no law already in place. Further, not only is precedent binding, but the English system is further peculiar because individual precedents are powerfully binding4. Even in the French and American traditions, lines of cases are interpreted and their varying precedents debated, but in the UK tradition, an individual case is understood and can â€Å"create a binding precedent, similar to a statute†. Beamish v. Beamish was a key case in establishing this doctrine, ironically itself an example of a single case creating binding precedent. Combined with the London Tramway case, it is only possible for precedent to be overturned by an act of Parliament, whose sovereignty cannot be undermined. One of the consequences of the increasing importance of precedent was that legal reporting and the documentation and maintenance of case law became far more important4 . It seems that the doctrine emerged as a reaction to parliamentary sovereignty4 . Prior to the emergence of the doctrine, only Parliament could make clear, consolidated law that was held within â€Å"four corners†, complete like a room. When the House of Lords makes a judicial opinion, it takes on the force of law and has statutory implications. People must abide by the regulation. If the House of Lords interprets that a particular environmental law applies to an industry, it has the effect of changing the enforcement as powerfully as an act of Parliament. One could in fact argue that the law of binding judicial precedent essentially elevates the court to the level of law, which is an important addition to Browne-Wilkinson's comment. How, then, can Browne-Wilkinson's co mment be interpreted? It points to several truths about the Commonwealth law that the doctrine of judicial binding precedent can obscure. First, previous Lords made those precedents and made those rulings. This means that, while from the modern perspective, law may be interpreted rather than created, it was created at one point, and will be created again whenever there are gaps. Second, in practice Lords do make law, the doctrine be damned. This is because it is up to the Lords themselves to determine if

Social Work with couples and families Reflective paper Article

Social Work with couples and families Reflective paper - Article Example The author in this case starts by pointing out that in the contemporary American society this sort of family setup is one, which is associated with the middleclass families in most cases. It is of the essence to note that in such a family setting, several generations of individuals may find themselves living together in the same house. Say a grandmother and a child may end up under the same roof. This is something, which brings about the question of parenting. In the aforementioned example, when the grandmother lives with the child and at the same time the child’s parents are also there, who is parenting the child? It is important to note that with this revelation, the child may grow up facing various situations, which are influenced by the person who was around it when it was growing up. There are also families that are associated with a stepparent, a single parent and what not. All these are issues, which are of significant influence on the individuals who are in the family itself. A person who is looking into the happenings in families that take up such a setting may take great interest in knowing how the various members of the family are handling the situations that are being exhibited by such families. The author of this article is of the opinion that the various family environments have far-reaching effects on the parties involved. To a greater extent some of these may be negative. I do believe that some of the members of these families might have foreseen such happenings. For this reason, they might have come up with measures to cushion the effects when they happen. Take a case example of psychosomatic families. These are the families, which are highlighted as those where the people get involved with each other only during certain times say when one is sick. This is not to say that this is always the case. Such families might have identified that this is a problem when it happens once or twice. After this, they might find probable ways of addressi ng the issue and prevent it from happening again. There are various tools, which therapists use when it comes to seeking deeper understanding of families. One of the ways through which this is achieved is through the use of genograms which are meant to depict the members of the families and some of the characteristics which are prevalent in the family. The information, which is collected for the genogram, is one, which is achieved through assessments of the members of the various members of the family involved, and once it is complete, it helps the therapist get significantly understanding of the family, which is in question. It is also of importance to look at some of the ways that are used to examine the various members of the family. The information of the family is scanned vertically and horizontally on the genogram. Examining the horizontal aspect of the genogram enables the therapist to get an understanding of how the members of the family are connected to each other. Through such an assessment, the strengths and the weaknesses that are exhibited by the family can be highlighted. After the analysis of the genogram, there are some probable predictions and conclusions, which can be reached by the person who is analyzing them. This is then what will be used to advise the members of the family accordingly. The author of the article points out that this information is what can be used to model some probable patterns of the family and provide any relevant information

Plato’s Dialectical Method Essay Example for Free

Plato’s Dialectical Method Essay Plato’s method is presumably taken from that of Socrates, who wrote nothing down. Socrates believes, in the early dialogues, that he â€Å"knows nothing. † This is an irony, meant to be juxtaposed to the elite of Athenian society who are convinced of their own wisdom and knowledge on specialized subjects such as rhetoric, argument, literature, generalship, etc. In the early dialogues, Plato initially has Socrates speaking from a position of â€Å"ignorance. † That is, from a position where he claims to know nothing, permitting himself just a series of questions that are designed to lead his opponent into absurdities, proving, so to speak, that his opponent knows only conventional wisdom–images of knowledge–rather than knowledge itself. The Platonic project is to reveal the Truth, the forms of being that exist behind the ever-changing panoply of sense impressions, accepted â€Å"truths† and the opinion of either the masses or the powerful, and often both. Hence, it makes perfect sense that Plato’s project will begin with dialogues such as the Apology and the Euthyphro, both showing Socrates not providing any positive doctrine, but stripping bare the accepted wisdom on the relevant topics of crime and punishment, or piety and faith. Before Plato can provide his positive doctrine, he must first show that the accepted wisdom–images given by mass society or the elite, or both–are false, and exist solely in the realm of opinion, that of the natural or conventional worlds, rather than the truth, the world of the forms, beyond space and time, beyond sense impression, apprehensible only though the mind. Khan (1996) gives us a hint as to the importance of the dialectical method. The dialogue form used because Plato has an â€Å"acute sense of the psychological distance that separates his world view from that of his audience. † (66). And further, â€Å"philosophy is essentially the practice of spiritual liberation by which the rational psyche prepares itself for a successful voyage back to its transcendental homeland† (66). The world of late Athens, just prior to the conquests of Philip and Alexander, is one of petty crime, worldly glory and political manipulation, hardly the arena for the development of a powerfully transcendent form of philosophy. Hence, the early dialogues are a preparation, the first movement forward away from the changing fortunes of Athens, and the changing natural world that keeps most men in intellectual chains. The point is not to lose one’s audience. For, early on in Socrates’ career, for him to have unloaded the full content of the Republic or even the Laws onto a highly corrupt Athenian society would have been disastrous. Socrates might not have been executed, but considered a madman and banished. Hence, early on, and even, to some extent in the middle dialogues, Socrates is struggling with worldly-wise men to get them to see the nature and ground of their craft, rather than its service to the state, to social advancement or even the advancement of their ego. In Plato’s Apology, Socrates is presented to the literary world as a martyr, a martyr against mass appearances and a fighter for the existence of Truth, which he claims (39) is really not possible to reach, and belongs only to the divinities of Olympus. What passes for truth is not truth, but is a reaction to mere appearances, the world of opinion, of doxa. A philodoxer is one who exists solely in the realm of sense impressions, those impressions that can be manipulated by those in power and ingrained into the psyche by mass opinion. Of course, in modern times, mass media would be the very source of the philodoxer’s alleged knowledge. In attacking the worldly-wise of Athens, Socrates admission of ignorance also derives from the idea that he has no specific area of expertise (Khan, 89). In other words, while it is true that his opponents are experts in their various fields, and hence should be approached concerning any question about those fields, Socrates seems to have none at all. His â€Å"field† simply is the tripping up of his opponents who do not think systematically, but think according to the present utility of their areas of expertise. Furthermore, while Socrates feigns ignorance, he, as Khan has written â€Å"never denies that he has practical good sense and moral excellence† (Khan, 90) He sees around him a once glorious Athenian society, set on solid ground by Solon centuries earlier, no longer on solid ground. The tyranny of the 30 created a situation–or reflected a situation–where power, and hence opinion, became the only true goods. One’s skill, ones arete, exist solely to bring the user worldly gains, both for himself and the city. But this situation leads to moral degradation, since the only reason to have virtue is to prove one’s usefulness in glory, to gain praise and promotion. This is the backdrop to the rise of the sophists, a group of pseudo-philosophers who claim to have knowledge, but this just amounts to the manipulation of socially crated images to appear to have knowledge. The sophist can make any argument they are paid to, because truth either does not exist, or is not useful in all circumstances. The sophist is valuable because self-promotion is their specialty, and hence, they receive the venom of Socrates. Hence, when Socrates is speaking of a certain craft, a certain form of practical excellence, he insists that he must be speaking of the same object as his opponent. Hence, in the Euthyphro, Socrates and his opponent are not speaking of piety in the same way. The are not speaking of the same thing. Socrates is speaking about piety in a way that includes all specific incarnations of the phenomenon. While Euthyphro, as a good Greek at the time, speaks of it in terms of its utility. Hence, they are not talking about the same thing, which permits Socrates to continually thwart his opponents. They are speaking on two different planes, one Truth, the other, use, or truth (small â€Å"t†). While Truth is utile, utility does not exhaust it, and even if it did, they are speaking of â€Å"use† in two very different ways. For Socrates, as in the Apology, one should never do evil, even if it is immediately utile. While the â€Å"timocrat,† one who lives for earthly glory, might do evil (something cowardly, or mercenary, etc) for the sake of gaining immediate glory and fame. Socrates holds that all evil is inutile, though not in any worldly way, but because, slowly but surely, it turns the soul bad, hence the soul begins not to know truth from falsehood. All is power, all is crass utility. In response to the utilitarian idea, Socrates says to his accusers: â€Å"a man who is good for anything ought not to calculate the chance for living or dying; he ought to consider whether in doing anything he is doing right or wrong–acting the part of a good man or bad† (40). Socrates is claiming that goodness is beyond utility, that he is morally good, and finally, that the common opinion that goodness is utility is false. In the Apology, Socrates affirms; â€Å"young men of the richer cases, who have not much to do, come about me of their own accord. They like to hear the pretenders examined. . . .they are plenty of persons, as they quickly discover, who think they know something, but really know little or nothing. . . (33). This is behind the charges against Socrates. Socrates, speaking of himself and his mission, says to the judges â€Å"I am that gadfly that god has attached to the state; and all the day long and in all places I am fastening upon you, arousing, persuading and reproaching you. (43). Many things are said here about his method. A. Socrates says nothing about any positive philosophy. This is not the point. He is not unaware of the utility of the crafts that he takes apart in debate, but, for the good of the city, he is forced to make his opponents realize the true ground of the goodness of their craft. B. Socrates sees Athens in trouble. The tyranny, the mass democracy and the predictable rise of sophistry means that power and only power (whether military, financial or persuasive) is operative. If this is true, than moral goodness will be prostituted to the state. In the long run, this will lead to the destruction of the state and its famed liberties, since moral goodness will be defined as loyalty to one political faction or other, each faction seeing Athens as a means to financial or political advancement. Not real city can function with those sorts of divisions. Hence, Socrates, unbeknownst to his opponents, is a true patriot, seeking the moral betterment of his people. C. By â€Å"god† it is likely that Socrates means â€Å"world of forms. As Khan said earlier, the usage of common terminology is a strategy where he may gain acceptance. By the use of â€Å"god† he is talking about ultimate Truth (which he alone serves) in language that the common folk of Athens could understand. It is possible that Socrates viewed the Olympian pantheon as a popularization and â€Å"folkloric† method of understanding the forms. *** When Socrates is grilling the unfortunate but well intentioned Euthyphro, there is a passage from Socrates that strongly hints that his negative approach is leading, at some future time, to the positive ideas of the forms. Socrates says to his opponent, speaking of pious acts â€Å"The point I should first wish to understand is whether the pious or holy is beloved by the gods because it is holy, or holy because it is beloved by the gods† (12) Outside of the Crito, this is the most suggestive passage in the early dialogues concerning a foreshadowing of later, positive doctrine. Here, Plato is giving, in sharp relief, the distinction between the Platonic idea of Truth and the common, utilitarian Athenian view. The sophist would claim that the former is the case. That something is holy because it is loved by the gods. The power of the gods is accepted as arbitrary and unquestioned. Hence, the only thing to do is to is to figure ways to place them, and hence acquire various profits in so doing. That is the opposite of what we call Platonism. What is more important is the critical part. Instead of merely accepting that what his holy is holy because the gods love it, one must find out the nature of the holy, to which then the gods then must conform. Nothing is more Platonic than this distinction. The first is reflective of the power hungry Athenian state. The famed politicians, bankers and priests want power, thus, if you are a citizen, you do what you can to please the powerful, and hence become famed yourself, and promoted through the system. This is the world of power and prostitution. Power and profit are taken as good in themselves, and hence the powerful are off the intellectual hook. Platonism is reflected in the idea that there is a concept of power, and, beyond that, the Good by which power is thus justified that would force a ruling class to conform their behavior to. Once the philosopher can provide an outline of this Goodness in relation to power (the Republic and Statesman), or the mode of being that a ruling class must conform to, then one’s life can be called rational (politically speaking). This passage in the Euthyphro then, points to a much later development in Plato’s ontology: There is a Good that the Gods love. The only reason the Gods love it is that it is Good, hence the gods (assuming Plato believed in them) are to be emulated only because of the Good, not because they are gods. The political ramifications of this are staggering, and it is easy to make an argument that the political ramifications of the question of piety (especially given the nature of the charges against Socrates) are designed to reorient the mind of Athenian youth to the Good, rather than to power. The powerful seek to define the good for themselves, invariably, of course, defined as what is in their own interest. Hence, if this terrible state of affairs is to be avoided, the nature of the Good must be outlined. But in these early dialogues, only hits are being dropped.

Constantan and Copper Essay Example for Free

Constantan and Copper Essay This crystalline therefore will not be able to hold the amount of stress which will be exerted by the weights slowly being added on; however we can predict that the copper element will face much stress and therefore will experience necking as the atoms as shown in the diagram will dislocate the atoms and therefore they can slide past each other more easily, consequently resulting in the fracture of the material. Copper is generally by itself very weak that is why it needs to be hardened and strengthened for many industrial applications. It is therefore mixed with other metals and melted. When carrying out this experiment I deem that as the number of weights is increased for copper, this will slowly exert pressure and the molecules will slowly pull apart as the bond will break between the molecules. The material will reach its elastic limit, where it has reached its point where by after if any more weights are added then it will deform and not return to its original state. Here is a diagram below which illustrates this: (Image extracted from physics textbook) The equations that I will acquire in this investigation to find out the aim, which is to find out youngs modulus of both materials through drawing of the graphs from the results I will need to use the following equation as this is what will aid me achieve this part of the aim: From my graphs, I will find out the gradient and therefore be able to work out youngs modulus by the formulae above. I believe that youngs modulus for constantan will be high because I consider from the evidence provided that it will be able to take more strain then the copper (crystalline). I deem this simply because constantan being an alloy can take more of a load then a pure metal. Here is a typical example of a stress train graph: (obtained from my physics textbook) Fair test:   Test the wire to get an average; I will do this three times. All of my figures will be to three significant figures.   I will carry this out on the same day in the same conditions, using all of the same apparatus. I will keep the metre stick stuck down to the table and not move it, so that it wont affect my results, when marking off the extension. Apparatus: I will be using the following:   Pulley   Metre ruler and a marker   Mass weights and actual storage unit   Wooden blocks to hold the wire in place   A G clamp. Safety: I will ensure that I keep this a safe experiment by: Keeping the cardboard over the wire, as when the wire snaps the wire would not suddenly lift up and cause any danger.   I will also make sure there are not people crowding the experiment when it is being carried out, as the weights can cause danger if they fall. Results: I have entered the results I have been given into Microsoft excel. From this the extension I have been given, is given in mm, but in physics we have to convert mm to metres. From the materials given I would find out the area of the wire as the area can depend on the wires, as they can have different thicknesses. Diameter: 0. 37mm The cross sectional area: pi r^2=1. 07510-7m2 To find the out the cross sectional area I simply had worked out the radius, which was 0. 000185, I achieved this figure by dividing the diameter (0. 37) by 2000. By calculating this I was left with this figure. I will need to find out stress over strain which will give me youngs modulus. Since the length of the wire is 2. 1metres this will be used to find out the strain. Here are my results for copper: Here is my table of results showing results from the copper wire. I have worked out the stress and strain which therefore simply allowed me to work out the youngs modulus of copper, and this I have shown on the computer. I have also shown the table showing the formulae I had input in the cells in Microsoft Excel. I have shown this below, in the last four columns where I had input the formula into the cells to aid me to work out youngs modulus of copper. I have shown the results I had obtained for copper above, now I will produce a table showing the results I achieved for constantan the alloy which I believe would have a higher youngs modulus then copper. I had used the same length of wire which is 2. 1metres as I made sure this was a fair test when conducting the experiment. I have worked out the cross sectional area as the same in the procedure before. Here are my results for constantan: Diameter: 0. 3510-3 Area: p r^2:9. 621010-8 m2 Here are my results stated above showing the results from the constantan wire. The results show the youngs modulus for constantan at the given force. Below is the formulae table showing the formulae which were input into the cells from stress and strain. When simplifying these results it will be evident I belie that the constantan wire will have the higher youngs module, and this will be clear in the graphs I produce. I have now simplified my results so that I can easily plot my graph from these results. I have made them show the stress to the power of 10 to the 7, and strain which is ten to the power of minus three. Here are my two tables: Results for constantan (for graph) Stress Nm times 10 Strain Youngs Modulus times by 10 (times 10 )   Stress Nm times ten Strain (e/L) Youngs Modulus times by ten times by ten Analysis: In this experiment my aim objective was to find youngs modulus from copper and constantan wire. I have shown this by taking the first step which was to produce the results table, and from this I have plotted the graphs showing the force against the average extension. Observing my graphs you can see that I have plotted two separate graphs showing force against the average extension for both materials. Furthermore, you can also see that I have created the graphs showing stress-strain for copper and constantan. This graph typically shows youngs modulus. The wires had reacted to the weights in the way that I had expected as I predicted that constantan wire will have the higher youngs modulus and is more tough typically because it is an alloy which contains 40% nickel which makes this element extra strong, whereas the copper is a pure metal and will not be able to take the strain of the load and this is proven as the copper wire could only take 24N as it broke, whereas constantan wire could take almost double the amount 42N. This illustrates that constantan wire needs more force to extend the wire; whereas copper is a material which is frail and would extend by a suitable weight which puts strain onto the material. We can perceive that copper is more easy to stretch by the information I have produced in the table as at 20N it had an average extension of 0. 013 metres, however constantan wire if what my theory is, then I believe that at 20N, constantan should have a smaller average extension then copper has. Looking at the table, the average extension for constantan at 20N is 0. 006 metres. This proves my theory correct as these two results show the difference between the two materials instantly. We can now say that constantan is more tensile, as an alloy it has an enables the dislocation of the atoms which help grip the structure together and therefore give it the property of being tough, this is explained in my diagram I have drawn on page 3. I believe that the atoms in the pure metal copper, had displaced and therefore become unstable when the load was placing strain upon the wire. This would ultimately, make the atoms move out of position and break up, resulting in the wire shattering. This is why when the copper wire had reached its maximum load which was 24N, the atoms had suffered a permanent deformation in the arrangement as they would have been changed in their formation, but unable to move back. This is the same principle with the wire, as it was being stretched and the atoms moved out of place, but the load was greater then the elastic limit could handle and this is why there is a permanent deformation where the wire does not return back to it original shape and changes length, resulting in the increase in extension. In the constantan wire, this would be identical however the atoms would be harder to move out of place, as this material can handle far more load then the copper wire could. So at the same weight (24N) this wire would still return to its original shape because it is in its elastic state. However once it exceeds it elastic limit, then the wire loses its formation of atoms and does not return to its original shape. Here is a graph showing elastic and plastic locations in this graph, this is a way of working out youngs modulus, or by working out the gradient of a graph. I have also found a diagram from my physics textbook, which shows the general yield stress for materials including copper and constantan. By observing the diagram this will give further evidence for my analysis upon the results I have achieved: What each of my graphs show:   My first graph shows force against the average extension for the copper wire, this graph shows that the average extension had increased with the force, however only to a certain point, as this remained elastic from 0N to 24N. After this remained plastic, where the wire could not handle any more load and had shattered. My second graph shows force against average extension for constantan wire. This wire indicated through the graph actually can handle much load, and it has a very large elastic region, as this alloy is very tough, therefore can handle large amounts of weights. This wire could handle 42N however after it then remains plastic, and broke.   The third and final graph illustrates further insight into the youngs modulus of copper and constantan wire, as I have plotted the two materials on the same graph. It is indicated that constantan has a higher youngs modulus compared to copper material. This is because copper can easily be shattered as it stretched very much compared to constantan. The gradient is smaller compared the constantans, which means copper has the smaller youngs modulus because it is a metal and nothing stronger whereas the constant material has elements such as nickel which gives it the strength it requires to dominate copper. Evaluation: I perceive that this experiment was completed under fair conditions as this was kept a fair test at all times. I believe that repeating the experiment three times, had made this fair and given the accuracy which was needed. I had made sure that the materials were used to 2. 1 metres in length and had the same diameter. However, the errors which appeared in this experiment (uncertainties) are where when measuring the wire of the constantan or copper I had rounded up or down the value depending n whether it was greater then X. 5 or below. In my graphs, this is shown as these have been drawn in for average extension, so there is an uncertainty error of about 0.5mm. Another uncertainty spotted I believe is where I had calculated youngs modulus on the graph, I plotted a line of best fit. The line of best fit was drawn in hand by me, however this line can cause uncertainty as this is based on human error and accuracy as everyone will have their own judgment and perception when drawing the line of best fit. Furthermore, I can see that my line of best fit is not totally wrong as looking at the young modulus of copper which is 3*10 to the power of 10, and constantan 6. 40 to the power of 10. We can see that constantan youngs modulus was said to roughly double coppers youngs modulus value, and this is proven by these two figures given. We can see that these two figures are nearly double in difference therefore they seem to be correct. When measuring the wire with a metre stick I found there were an uncertainty of 0. 5mm, and an uncertainty of 1% with the weights. The experiment in general had gone according to plan. Im pleased with what I had found out through the results as I believe my prediction was correct and backed up by the results from the graph I had achieved. I believe that repeating the experiment three times meant that I had accurate results as from the average extension I plotted the graphs. Concluding this experiment I had found out that constant had the higher youngs modulus due to it being an alloy and containing the 40% of Nickel which gives it the strength property. Copper however, had been more flexible being a pure metal the atoms were easily dislocated and this resulted in copper breaking very easily as it had a small elastic limit. Improvements-IF TO DO IT AGAIN. Bibliography:I had obtained information from the following resources: o AS physics textbook: I had found this source extremely interesting and useful as much of the diagrams I had used came from this textbook, which explained the comparison between the pure metal and alloy. This textbook had given much information which was relevant to this coursework. 8/10 o AS physics CD-ROM: I had achieved the diagrams mostly from the CD ROM, this CD had many diagrams which were useful, however this did not contain much written information which was useful and could aid me with this coursework.6/10 o Internet: I found that the information from these sources seemed very reliable and information I had gained, helped me understand the complex issues with the relation of physics to youngs modulus. I had obtained the various information I have included on the background information on the sensor from the following Internet sites: o http://www. emsl. com/tensile_strength. html o http://www. encyclopedia. com/html/Y/Youngsmo. asp o http://hyperphysics. phy-astr. gsu. edu/hbase/permot3. html.

Working in Partnership in Health and Social Care

Working in Partnership in Health and Social Care Introduction: The term â€Å"Health and Social Care† is related to those integrated services, which are provided from health and social care. That means they should provide people all of the services that are related with health and society. This term can also mean that, it should be taken as a vocational and academic course from various kind of academic and vocational level such as A-Level. Biology, Nutrition, Law and social policy, Ethics, Nursing, Social and educational activities and many others types of courses also allowed as the part of health and social care. Working in partnership is the work which is done by many people. When people doing same work with partners at a same time is known as working with partnership. When a task is about health and social care is usually known as working in partnership in health and social care. They work for people in health and social care sectors and provide facilities. The age of medical revolution of health care over many years ago were deled with very little importance. Even till about 20th century, the condition of medical awareness has startled people very much, they know that social health care services are only provide for dirt-poor people that means for those people who can’t give a better life because hospitals are expensive and also demanded for wealthy people. But at this time people can understand and they also know that these services are provide for all kind of people an working in partnership for health and social care make it more easy. TASK 1 1.1: Philosophy of working in partnership in health and social care services: (a) Concept of partnership: The main concept of working in partnership is sharing. It is actually pointed by respect for one another, right to information, competence and value accorded to input from each and everyone. As summary, every partner is seen as having to contribute with something, share of power, every decision is taken by discussion jointly, and roles are not respected but also backed by legal and moral rights. There are few other philosophies in working in partnership that marked partnership working. These philosophies are empowerment, freedom, humanity, impartiality, honesty, equity, trust, and respect. There should be much key point to mark different of partnership: Shared learning Cooperating Teamwork Collaboration Joint education Joint practice Working with discipline Participating and also should be more point. †¢ Levels of learning, teaching and assessment of working with partners: There should confusion about the meaning of the term â€Å"partnership† because of variation in approaches to the learning, teaching and assessment of partnership work. That’s why we have to particularly clear about the use of this term here. Here marked many types of partners in work field: Student and user in social work Educator and student Educator and stakeholder including users Assessor and stake holder including users Employer and practitioners Higher-education institution and stakeholder Student from social work and from another profession Student from social work with others on same program Educators from social work academics from other discipline (b) Philosophy: Working in partnership, both of two across social care and with service users has been a relentless theme of the health and social care modernization agenda. Despite of a relatively evidence base which is underdeveloped, the development of these partnerships has continued to feature in recent policy. The concept of ‘partnership’ and ‘collaboration’ have become amongst the critical themes of Labor’s policy, particularly in respect TASK 2 2.1: models of partnership working across the health and social care sector: It has been said by the Government that this passed program will be based on the principles of freedom, responsibility and fairness and also the 1st priority of the government will be to reduce the shortage and restore economic growth. Locally, the way of the public sector in the Cambridgeshire has been engaging in discussed by partners with work together. They recently agreed about the need to develop another new model of working in partnership for the county. Government priorities: In the coming years, public sectors will change importantly on an unexampled scale. This is referable in role to the decrease in spending necessary power brought about by the Coalition Government to decrease the national shortfall. There also exist another ideological shift – a rivet on a smaller land, and developing of power to a local level and also putting power into the hands of federal communities. The purposes and the responsibilities of all of levels of Government are changing. Following the issues of the alignment’s agreement of impotencies for their parliamentary term, officers have been evaluating of overall proposals as well as starting to analyses the potential significance. This part sets out many of the main significance for the partnership as a consequence of the policies so far plans by the Government. Proposal of local government: A number of proposals was included by the Coalition Agreement for local Government. Government’s main priority is provincialism – developing of power to the lowest possible level. This could be to communities themselves in responsibilities of ‘Big society’ – outlined below. In each region, the government has take step to including the removal of the Government offices and removing large parts of regional government. Local Enterprise Partnership (LEP’s) was replaced in Regional Development Agencies (RDA’s) because of their more localization. A key role was played in promoting local economic development was played by LEP’s. LEP’s are wanted to be key in supporting economic growth and rebalancing of economy towards of private sectors and also in driving the delivery of infrastructure to support of growth. State for Communities and Local Government’s secretary has talked of adopting a ‘Tight/Loose’ approach. That means the Government will assume a very rigid approach on a very small number of policies area, as being loose in all others areas, in which they believes that they will promote more freedom for local government. They proposed to introduce a ‘general power of competence’ that will give the power to do anything that they wish and also not illegal to authorities. In theory they have already the power to taking steps in any way to improve the upbeat of their communities, although there have been many doubts about use of that power. Similarly, the Government has promised fewer rules of councils and a reduction in legal duties. The comprehensive Area judgment has been abolished, and there are no plans to remove it. In which this has received a welcome from many authorities, it also may not accomplished the efficiency saving intended. Big society: The big society was a played an important role to conservative policy area in the run up to General Election and is also being taken forward by the coalition government. For the Big society agenda, the government have outlined three Big strands: †¢ Social action †¢ Service for Public Reform †¢ Empowerment of Community This will be accomplished through three techniques: Decentralization Transparency Providing of finance Health: The secretary of state for health published the White Paper on 12th July 2010, â€Å"Equity and Excellence: Liberating the NHS†. This white paper contains a range of proposals, and also will point out Strategic Health Authorities and primary care trusts. Each local authority take the role of joining up the commissioning of local NHS services, health improvement and also for social care. They will therefore be responsible for: †¢ Encourage Integration and Partnership working between the NHS, Public health, Social and many other local services and strategies. †¢ Leading joint strategic needs judgments, and promoting collaboration on local commissioning plans. †¢ Building service changes and priorities partnership. Social care and disability: To make report within a year, the government has devoted to establishing a commission on long term care. They will aim to break down barriers between social care and health funding to incentivize preventive action.

America Online :: essays research papers

Mission Statement "To become the world’s most respected and valued company by connecting, informing and entertaining people everywhere in innovative ways that will enrich their lives." Introduction America On-line (AOL), the largest commercial on-line service provider in the US, has been presented with a daunting task. Remaining a viable competitor in an increasingly crowded, fast- changing and competitive market. . Consumer services are entering a highly contested market that is expected to be even more competitive with the arrival of telephone and cable television giants in the months to come. For example, AT&T dealt a devastating blow for AOL as well as hundreds of other Internet providers by offering five hours per month free Internet usage to its approximately 90 million customers, 20 million of whom already have personal computers. AOL, the largest commercial on-line service, offers their customers more than access to the Internet. AOL features include chat rooms, electronic magazines, software and entertainment services. Analysts believe that such content makes these services less vulnerable in the short run to AT&T's offerings. A value-added feature of AOL is its proprietary system that it provides users access to proprietary content. For AOL, that which makes them unique (proprietary system), also makes them most vulnerable. AOL has aggressively marketed to the mass media of on-line users. Marketing efforts have focused on selling the idea of AOL as an easy-to-use, fun, interactive, "community" with a lot of content exclusively provided to its members. AOL distributes their software via direct mailings, inserts of diskettes as well as request forms for disks/CDs in magazines, downloadable web sites, OEM bundling agreements, media partnerships and retail sales. In 1995 AOL increased their level of direct marketing. As previously stated, AOL hopes to capture up to 97 million users, as well as expanding internationally. America On-Line: Customer Value & Satisfaction America On-Line it has delivered customer value and satisfaction by its narrow focus on average consumers, and its determination to make using its services simple and clear. AOL is known for providing the most convenient and easiest-to-use interactive service available. The company pioneered technologies such as keywords for simple navigation and the buddy-list feature to enable instant messaging by displaying member’s contacts who are online As the internet becomes more central to consumers daily lives, people are increasingly demanding ways, in addition to the PC, to access- anytime, any place- features and content they rely on.

things fall apart :: essays research papers fc

Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart is a story that describes the effects of a new Christian religion in a tribal village of Africa, called Umuofia. The novel is set during the late 1800s to early 1900s when the British were expanding their influence in Africa, economically, culturally, religiously, and politically. The book shows the colonization of Umuofia by the British and the negative and violent changes this brought about in the lives of the tribe members. Along with colonization was the arrival of the missionaries whose main aim was to spread the message of Christianity and to convert people to their religion. The conversion to Christianity of tribal peoples destroyed an intricate and traditional age-old way of life in the village. This is best seen in the rise and fall of the protagonist, Okonkwo, who could be understood to represent the best and worst of his culture. Eventually, Okonkwo can be seen as the symbol of the disintegration. In the late 1800, Western society did not rest the case of imperialism and colonization solely on conquest. They developed an idea based on Darwinian racial struggle, that it was the responsibility of the more â€Å"civilized† whites to help the more primitive, non-whites. This sort of assistance also included the spread of Christianity- the â€Å"true† religion. So when the white missionaries went to Umuofia, in their own minds they were justified in their cause. Upon their arrival, one of their first victims is Okonkwo’s family. His son, Nwoye is immediately attracted to the new religion (148). In Christianity, Nwoye finds comfort for things that have long disturbed him, but the religion also provides a way to rebel against his father and his ideas of masculinity. Okonkwo believes that a weak man will never be able to survive in the village, and fears his son may turn out to be like his own father. A man who was always in debt and without the proper qualities of a real man. But, for the most part, Okonkwo's idea of manliness is not the clan's. He associates masculinity with aggression and feels that anger is the only emotion that he should display. Achebe’s Things Fall Apart was published in 1958 in the midst of the Nigerian renaissance.

A Comparison of Fate in The Stranger (The Outsider) and Myth of Sisyphus :: comparison compare contrast essays

Fate in The Stranger (The Outsider) and Myth of Sisyphus  Ã‚   In his works, The Stranger (The Outsider) and Myth of Sisyphus,   Camus addresses the consciousness of Meursault and Sisyphus through their fate. Sisyphus knows his fate. He to Because he has the opportunity and does rationalize his fate, he has consciousness. As the rock rolls back down, he is able to look back upon his life and analyze it. Nothing could be more existentialist. Sartre’s Garcin wants to meet his fate face to face. So, Sisyphus, embodies this desire of Garcin, and is thus a hero to him. Similarly, Charles Dickens’ scrooge has the unique opportunity to become an observer to his fate in the past, present and future. While Camus’ Meursault does not care about his past, he expresses the same feelings as scrooge and Garcin in their desire to confront their fate. Indeed, this is why they are every man and Sisyphus is our hero - he has and will always confront his fate. He has the conscious power to contemplate and control his fate. Therefore, if we know that everyone faces death as their fate, consciousness equals the ability to deal with ones fate. If we know our fate, do our lives hold meaning? Meursault remarks, â€Å"Nothing, nothing mattered, and I know why.† He knows he will be executed by a society in which he cannot exist, but he resigns and thereby assures himself that the middle is meaningless. Before his arrest, he knew he would die. Perhaps this knowledge justifies his living moment to moment. His statement compares to Beckett’s Vladimir when he laments, â€Å"Nothing happens, nobody comes, nobody goes, it is awful!† Both Meursault and Vladimir understand their insurmountable fate, but Meursault desires to confront it. This reveals Meursault to have the heroic qualities of Sisyphus. So, what Vladimir recognizes, Meursault confronts, and Sisyphus transcends. Sisyphus conquers his fate in spite of his immortality. Camus addresses the consciousness of Meursault and Sisyphus through their fate. By the ability to recognize his past, Sisyphus shows how Meursault lacks unhappiness. Meursault has nothing with which to compare the pleasure he feels instantly, so he is at the least continually content and possibly perpetually happy. Conversely, Sisyphus understands his past yet chooses not to compare his past to the present or his known future. When the priest asks Meursault if he would prefer a different life to his own, he remarks he wants a life â€Å"where I could remember this one.

Prewriting Strategies Essay

1. In academic writing, assignments may require students to present the results of their research without including their personal opinion. By avoiding first- and second- person pronouns, and writing in the third person will help one doing so. The use of first- and second- person also gives the writing an informal feel. When writing academically, the writer should always be formal. 2. www.jackiekcooper.com/MovieReviews/Limitless.html a.In this movie, Jackie Cooper has the starring role and holds his own even in scenes with the legendary star Robert De Niro. In this sentence the adjective legendary describes Robert De Niro. b.In the film Cooper plays Eddie Morra, a down-on-his-luck aspiring writer. The adjective describes the writer as being aspiring. c.His girlfriend Lindy is fed up with his shiftless ways and breaks up with him. The adjective describes his ways as shiftless. d.When he takes the pill, his life becomes much clearer. The adjective describes life as clearer. e.It is not a great role and De Niro is only adequate in it. The adverb describes how De Niro acted in the role. f.It is not a great role and De Niro is only adequate in it. The adjective describes the role as not great. g.In â€Å"Limitless† the story centers totally on his character and he rises to the occasion to give the role his all. The adverb describes how the story centers on hi s character. h.Eddie may be riding high for a while but there is always that possibility of him falling down or being brought down. The adverb describes how Eddie is riding. Overall, the critic used the adjectives and adverbs in a very descriptive and effective way. 3. This class has already taught us that although we may have the imagination to write, we have much more to learn about proper academic writing mechanics. The most important lesson we have learned is to proofread carefully. When we first started our studies at the University of Phoenix, we were not aware of the significant difference between academic writing and casual writing. The difference between academic writing and casual writing is becoming clearer to us. The difference between the two is clearest when we receive instructor feedback. We will continue to pay closer attention to details in our writing. This is the way that we will change our focus in the future and also the way we will come closest to achieving our goals. 4. There are three key parts of a paragraph; the topic sentence or introductions, the body of the paragraph or supporting information, and the conclusion that summarizes the content of the paragraph. 5. It is important that the topic sentence and supporting points within that paragraph be directly related or else the writer’s message will be lost, and the reader will be confused. The writing will not flow smoothly, and the reader will be forced to work at trying to figure out exactly what they are reading. Unless the topic sentence and supporting paragraphs do not connect or relate, the reader will be left confused. In the end, the reader may dismiss the frustrating writing altogether. 6. An evaluation is the writer’s informed judgment about a reading. The author did a great job summarizing and tying in what they have learned from the reading. The author was able to relate to the topic by adding an experience he or she conducted to the material. One thing the author could have done better was to point out why he or she thought it was a good overview.

Crisis in Movies: Self Medicated

His induce, who highly-developed a do do medicatess problem of her own, was unable to divvy up with his behavior. He was r argonly attending prepare and getting in fights regularly. He began pause off with a different mates group and cutting ties with the positive influences in his life. He displayed signifi arouset discomfort whatsoevertime his go was mentioned and it was clear he had non dealt with his heartbreak in a healthy way. 2. advert the type of crisis (Situational, Developmental, Existential). (10 pats. The crawls In this situation was origin every(prenominal)y situational, but one could in any case postulate that in that respect was a developmental crisis. Andrews flummox died and the family, both Andrew and his mother, come ined to lack the adequate head skills to deal with the nisuses normal deform associated with existence a teenage boy, and his mother the stress associated with raising a teenage boy. afterward the death of his vex there was a deve lopmental crisis during which Andrew was unable to successfully rebirth from cosmos a dependent teenager to an independent young man. 3.Identify the material, personal, and social resources in stock(predicate) to the individual. (10 pats. ) Based on the home in which the firsthand characters live it is apparent that they any are, or at one purport were fairly wealthy. Andrews mother does not appear to be employed and he does not hold a Job. at that place is no indication of an stretched family patronise network. Andrews mother does not appear to provoke any support system. They appear to be truly isolated. Andrew had an abundance of negative, superficial friends and one female person friend who had pro-social contact with both him and his mother.He is similarly very intelligent which is a rich personal resource but there are times during his recovery work out that it appears to interfere with his testability. bear uponable to the fact that he resides in a large city , young girl Vegas, there are innumerable fellowship resources available as well. 4. What were the differing perceptions of the crisis? (the client, family, partnership, friends, legal perspectives) (10 pats. ) The client, Andrew, did not count there was a crisis because he did not view his behavior as problematic.His mother felt quite differently and was highly concerned with both his drug and alcoholic beverage use and his apparent softness to deal with the death of his father. After nonuple failed attempts to directly address Andrews behavior, his other ap situations detention of him to an extreme measures treatment facility. They kidnap Andrew and he is enrolled in an involuntary, live-in rehabilitation class for addicts of all kinds. At the treatment facility Andrew was viewed as a problem child. This was for the most part due to his scholarship and the lack of fruition of there being a problem.He was slow to discuss his father and use his intelligence to manipulat e and scheme against staff. Until he was laboured into treatment Andrew surrounded himself with people who were overlap in his addictive behavior, this undistributed to his inability to realize that he was in crisis because his community group was comprised of fellow addicts. 5. Briefly, how was the crisis handled by the hotshot? (10 pats. ) The protagonist, Andrew, refused to address the death of his father, which was a capital stresses.Eventually he turned to alcohol and drugs to blunt the feelings associated with the pain of his fathers death. His lack of positive act tools eventually led to a crisis of drug and alcohol addiction. By the end of the take up Andrew had accepted that his addiction was destructive and was taking steps towards cover and more importantly towards dealing with the underlying issues that had 6. invoke approximately(prenominal) steps for your client that could be used to handle the crisis. (10 Andrew does not believe he has a problem. He cons iders dish up seeing his addiction as detrimental.One of the primary issues driving Andrews addiction is the unprocessed tribulation over his fathers death. He necessarily counselling to help him deal with those emotions and to learn better coping skills. Andrew and his mother alike need to work through the resentment that has developed between them. Forgiveness therapy old be valuable if incorporated into family counseling. Cognitive self-change is also a valuable tool in dealing with addiction. Realistically Andrew is also dismission to have to deal with his legal issues onwards he stub truly have a clean start.He also needs to attempt to salvage his GAP in order to complete high school. Due to the fact that he wants to go to college he go away likely need to extend high school by a year so that he can retake the classes he did poorly in and salvage his grade point norm as much as possible. 7. Suggest steps for teaching coping skills and evolution resiliency (preventin g the rises from reoccurring). (10 pats. ) Andrew would greatly benefit from knowledge how to verbalize his feelings and talk through his problems instead of stuffing and avoiding.He needs his emotions regarding the death of his father to be validated and to understand that they are okay to have. Re-involving himself in the healthy outlets he used to enjoy, like sports, would be a positive way to handle stress as well. Because he has struggled with addiction it will be very important to his rising success that he complete a thorough relapse prevention program. He needs to identify what his triggers and red stagger tuitions are so that he can learn steps to intervene in those situations. 8. What referral sources would be available to the client if he/she lived in your ambit? Specific name of organizations in your area to which you might refer your client. You might have to research your area for this. ) (10 pats. ) He could be referred to private counseling, support groups for those grieving the loss of loved ones, and drug/alcohol rehab or support groups. There are groups like Alcoholics Anonymous, Celebrate Recovery, and LIDS Family work habituation Recovery for those struggling with drug and alcohol addiction. His lawyer could also have-to doe with for a mandatory treatment program instead of traditional punishment for the crimes he had committed.This community has a treatment rivet state prison nearby which employs the curative community model for drug and alcohol rehabilitation. Because of this there are several demonstrate drug and alcohol counselors in the area, some of which take on private clients on their own time. There are also drug and alcohol education groups such as DARE that may be beneficial. We are either slaves to sin or slaves to Christ, and the Bible is clear that to be a slave to Christ is a utmost easier burden to bear. Often times those things we believe to be freedom eventually find the heaviest of our chains.This can be seen in Andrews downhill spiral of addiction. He thought he was having fun getting drunk and skipping school, he was doing whatever he wanted. However, it eventually reached the point that Alcohol was all that he wanted. The desires of the embodiment quickly lead us to destruction. It is my scene that there are few things out there that demonstrate the bondage we are in apart from Christ so vividly as drug, alcohol, and sexual addictions. Addiction is the epitome of being in bondage, of being a slave.

Mass and Energy Balance Essay

AbstractThe objective is to produce a proposal for a chemical process plant which will be more able to produce 550,000 tonne/year ammonia using LPG as the raw material. Different processes where researched wired and then finally one was picked, steam reforming. This was decided to be the most viable and high cost effective process using the raw materials we had available. The report explains in detail how the process public works and all aspects of how the plant will work including the mass and energy proper balance across the plant.Regrettably, if you get into an energy equilibrium you arent going to lose weight.35oC and based its freezing point is -77.7oC.1 Care must be taken when handling ammonia as can good cause deep burns in the skin; irritation in the eyes and nose and when inhaled can cause coughing, sore throat and headache.2 There are different methods for the own manufacture of ammonia.A negative energy balance could be called a deficit.

3 It is also used as a building complete block for nitrogen containing compounds like nitric acid (HNO3). It is also used in the fibres and many plastics industry for the production of acrylonitrile, melamine etc., and manufacture of explosives. Ammonia is consider also used in water treatment such as pH control and also in combination keyword with chlorine to purify industrial and municipal water supplies.There are to modify your energy balance.Figure 2: Shows the global demand good for Ammonia (D.a.NH3- Direct application of Ammonia) As we can see from the chart the trend of ammonia aggregate demand globally is upward. It is said that the global ammonia market is to generate revenues of approx.A weight is produced by A complete energy balance.

ProcessesThere are many different processes involved in the ammonia production. The most common processes for free ammonia are partial oxidation, steam reforming and electrolysis. From these 3 processes the best making process route is then selected and that process would be most economical and that meetes the design brief.Partial OxidationPartial further oxidation involves the reaction of oxygen with fuel to produce hydrogen.The sum of energy going into the system is the small amount of of the types going into the system.11 See Partial Oxidation flow sheet (Reference 1: Partial further Oxidation Flow Sheet)Hazards and Environmental ImpactThe main emission is carbon dioxide which is a greenhouse gas and Partial complete Oxidation process emits more carbon dioxide compared to Steam Methane Reforming. Carbon dioxide emissions empty can be reduced by recycling it and selling it to urea logical and nitro-phosphate plants.13 No ammonia should be present in the air but maybe because of faulty equipment and maintenance activities, some ammonia maybe released. Ammonia becomes explosive at the 16%-25% volume in air which could occur if there are any leakages in the ammonia storage facilities.The energy that is either converted or stored gets within the body.

It could also affect the semi aquatic life. Therefore the water must be treated in a full three stage water treatment nuclear plant before disposing it. 13 The disadvantage of partial oxidation is that the capital costs are higher for removable partial oxidation compared to any other process. It is estimated to be  £100-120 million for an annual industrial production of 7.Energy and material balances are extremely important in an business.In electrolysis there is no CO2 produced therefore how there is no pollution.Standard electrolytic ammonia production energy consumption historically has been about 12 megawatt-hour. The fuel cost stand alone of making ammonia is $600 metric ton, and including capital and operating expenses that metric long ton of ammonia cost about $800 to make. Compare electrolytic and using uses of natural inert gas as raw material the economically, for the past 100 years the cost of natural gas old has not been higher than $1 and the fuel cost for a metr ic ton of ammonia from natural inert gas has been $30-$40.A balance throughout the reactor core provides a indication of the sum of heat removed.

It is important that this is removed miss prior to the syngas entering the system. The process is carried out in the presence of a catalyst, which is usually nickel. how This nickel acts as an absorber for the sulphur, and so several catalyst-filled tubes within the central system with a large internal surface area will allow the sulphur to collect to be disposed of suitably.The ProcessHydrocarbons usually contain sulphur which needs to be removed.Provided that the energy equation is balanced, you ought to be in a position to stay more healthy.The catalysts used in the steam reforming process are nickel-based. These what are easily poisoned by sulphur species.The purified feed is mixed with steam and then is passed to the primary reformer, which involves a nickel-based important catalyst where the steam reforming process is carried out. Once the hydrocarbon is cleansed of sulphur, the reforming process can begin.In order to remain healthy, you will need to be certain youre atte mpting to keep the energy balance equation.

The hydrocarbon feed enters the system at a very high pressure, typically 20 – 30 bar. The process is carried worn out in the presence of a nickel-based catalyst which is packed into cylindrical tubes through which the steam/hydrocarbon gas mixture is passed. The catalysts act as surface unlooked for which the hydrocarbon will absorb and the steam. (Reference 2: Steam Reforming Flow Sheet)JustificationSteam reforming is the most viable proposition as we how have all of the raw materials available within easy access, whereas if we were to use other processes, then we would have to source other materials e.What you eat is one portion of their energy balance equation.Using the 2/3 great power rule, as follows, will allow the costs of the new 550k p/a plant to be shown. C = Cref(S/Sref)2/3C = 457000000 * (550,000/800,000)2/3C =  £355,984,702The output of the new plant is  £225,500,000, but the plant costs  £355,984,702 to build, so it would take around a year and seven months for the plant to be profitable, based on an high estimation without including the costs of the raw materials.Taylor MethodPay Back TimeSustainabilityThe environment is constantly changing, whether by nature or by human led processes. Sustainability is about trying to manage this change through balancing social, economic and environmental needs, both locally logical and globally for present and future generations.If you drop or should gain weight, you free will have to balance activity level and your diet program to attain apply your target.

These risks can be avoided by preparing the plant for the conditions that it is about to go through. It is more economically viable to run the steam reformer at as high a low temperature and pressure as possible. Magnesium oxide-lined furnaces, MgO, has a melting point of around 2800 degrees Fahrenheit, making it ideal for lining the furnaces used in the production of hydrogen. Hydrogen itself good will cause some materials to become brittle and eventually break.Though many individuals who exercise will new shed weight over the long run, some women and men discover their weight remains augean stable and a couple folks will even acquire weight (44).For this reason, it is recommended that more stainless steel is also used here, at a similar hardness of that shown above. Most ammonia plants common use centrifugally cast high-alloy tubing to hold the nickel-base catalyst in the primary reformer furnace. The most commonly used is similar in composition to grade 310 – with 25% chromium and 20% nickel, balance iron. This has a carbon content in the range of 0.Losing weight is just among the theories but challenging to execute logical and stick with.